In 2004, there were almost seven million snowboarding participants of all ages and sexes in the various different styles of snowboarding. As a whole, the sport has seen rapid growth rates since it was officially recognized as a sport in 1985. Although a popular winter recreational activity and competitive sport, snowboarding isn’t without a risk of injury. In fact, some studies have estimated that snowboarders are twice as likely to suffer an injury as their skiing counterparts.
How Do Snowboarding Injuries Occur?
Snowboarding is a extreme winter sport that requires good physical conditioning, balance, and flexibility. Obviously, the mountainous environment itself presents several risks. These risks are increased when a snowboarder attempts runs, speeds, jumps, tricks, and other snow maneuvers that are beyond their particular skill level. Even among professional and seasoned snowboarders, both feet being fixed on a relatively narrow snowboard in a non-release binding makes it difficult for a snowboarder to maintain a stable stance. Since both feet are fixed on the snowboard, this leaves the snowboarder with only his/her hands and wrists to catch themselves if they lose their balance or fall. Collisions with stationary objects, other snowboarders, and skiers are also frequent causes of snowboarding injuries.
What Are Some Common Snowboarding Injuries?
Wrist Injuries
Research by the American Academy of Family Physicians estimated that wrist injuries account for 25% of all snowboarding injuries.
The wrist is comprised of several bones - the radius, ulna, lunate, scaphoid, pisiform, triquetrum, trapezium, trapezoid, hamate, and capitate. The radius and ulna are the two bones extending from the forearm. The other eight are the tiny carpal bones surrounding the wrist. All of the wrist bones meet at several large and small joints and are held together by a multitude of ligaments.
Falling onto an outstretched hand is the number one cause of snowboarding-related wrist injuries. When a snowboarder looses their balance or slips backwards, it’s a natural instinct for them to stick their hand out to break their fall. Wrist fractures and sprains are two common results:
1. Wrist fracture
A wrist fracture, or broken wrist bone, is when one or more of the wrist bones break or crack and lose natural continuity. In snowboarding, the radius is the most commonly fractured bone. Depending on the force applied to the wrist during the injury and the positioning of the wrist during impact, there are several possible types of wrist fractures. For example, a bone can break into a couple of large pieces or multiple smaller pieces, remain under the skin or puncture through the surface of the skin, be well aligned and stable or displaced and obviously deformed, and so forth. In any event, the wrist may be swollen, painful, tender to touch, warm, bruised, and difficult to impossible to move following a fracture. The snowboarder may also hear an audible pop or crack during the fall.
2. Wrist sprain
Another common wrist injury in snowboarding is a wrist sprain. A wrist sprain involves the ligaments holding the wrist bones together being abnormally stretched or torn. Again, this is a common occurrence during a fall with an outstretched hand. The force of the impact bends the wrist back toward the forearm and stretches, possibly tearing, the ligaments in the wrist.
Sprains are graded based on how severely the ligament was stretched or torn. A grade one sprain involves stretching or microscopic tearing, but the wrist itself remains stable and mobile. A grade two sprain involves moderate tearing and some degree of wrist instability, pain, tenderness, heat, swelling, and bruising. A grade three sprain is the most severe, involving tearing of 90% of the affected ligament. This grade is frequently accompanied by loss of mobility and stability and some degree of swelling, pain, tenderness, heat, and bruising.
Snowboarder’s Ankle
The ankle joint is comprised of the fibula, tibia, and talus bones. Without these bones working in unison, activities like jumping, running, and even walking would be impossible.
Snowboarder’s ankle, also called a lateral talus fracture, refers to a specific type of ankle fracture that occurs along the outer side of the ankle. Although a rare fracture among the general population, snowboarders are highly susceptible to this injury. Snowboarder’s ankle occurs when the foot simultaneously dorsiflexes (flexes up) as the ankle is inverted (inward position.) This is a common foot position during landings from jumps and aerials, especially if the landing is over-rotated. Symptoms of snowboarder’s ankle include pain along the outer side of the ankle; localized tenderness, swelling, pain, bruising, and warmth; decreased range of motion; and difficultly putting weight on the affected ankle. Of note - this injury is often mistaken for a sprained ankle. However, snowboarders with a history of ankle sprains may be particularly susceptible to snowboarder’s ankle.
These are just a few of the many injuries common to snowboarding activities. Snowboarders are also at risk for low-back injuries, head and neck injuries, knee injuries, elbow injuries, shoulder dislocations, abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and muscle strains.
